A guide to using EndNote X7

Introduction

EndNote helps you collect and store all the references you have found from different sources. You can use your EndNote library to insert in-text citations and create bibliographies within Microsoft Word documents, reformatting them into your chosen referencing style.

If this is your first time using EndNote, we recommend you go through this whole guide in order.

This guide assumes that you are using EndNote with Word 2010 and Internet Explorer, though you can use any other browser.

By the end of this guide you should be able to:

• Create an EndNote library
• Add references to your library
• Use your EndNote library to insert in-text citations and create a bibliography in Microsoft Word 2010
• Effectively organise your Endnote library

Top tips to keep in mind when using EndNote

1. Use one EndNote library for your course, whole PhD or projects you are working on, and use the groups feature in EndNote to organise your references (part 3, section 1). We would only recommend you create multiple EndNote libraries if you are working on a number of different research projects.
2. Always save a back-up copy of your EndNote library by selecting File > Save a copy.
3. Check for duplicates on a regular basis. Having duplicate references in your EndNote library can cause a number of problems, especially when you start to reference your work. (part 3, section 2)
4. Even when using EndNote, it is important to check that the references are appearing properly in your work by comparing them with the official referencing guidelines for your style. If a reference is not appearing correctly in Word, there may be errors in the actual reference in the EndNote library. You will need to edit the reference details (part 2, section 3).

Part 1: Creating and adding references to an EndNote library

 1. Opening EndNote and creating an EndNote library

These instructions describe using EndNote version X7 on a computer in an ISS cluster.

1. Click Start (or the Windows icon at the bottom-left of the screen) and select All Programs, Miscellaneous, EndNote, EndNote X7
2. If an EndNote Web window opens, click Cancel
3. Once EndNote is open, click File and then New
4. Give the file a name and save it to your M: drive (My Documents).

 2. Exporting references to your EndNote library

3. Manually adding references to your EndNote library

Not all databases and search tools have the facility to transfer automatically your search results into EndNote. You will need to enter them, and any references you already have, manually.

Guidelines for entering new references:

1. Go to your EndNote library
2. Click References and then New Reference, or select the new reference icon 
3. Select the appropriate Reference Type before entering any details. This will mean that the correct field titles (Author, Journal, Volume, etc.) are available and so ensure that your reference will format correctly
4. You only need to enter information into fields that are essential parts of the reference for your reference list or bibliography
5. Authors can be entered in the format Bloggs, Jo C. or Jo C. Bloggs
6. Organisation names must be followed by a comma – e.g. Department of Health, – otherwise EndNote

will assume the last word is an author’s surname and your citations will appear as (Health, 2005) instead of (Department of Health, 2005)

7. Where there is more than one author, enter them on separate lines (use the return key after each author name)
8. Red text indicates a name that has not been entered into this EndNote library before
9. Move between fields with the tab key or by clicking on each field with your cursor.

4. Attaching full text articles and other documents to your references

1. In your EndNote library, highlight the reference you want to attach the file to
2. Right click it, then choose file attachments
3. Select attach file, then find the PDF file that you want to attach and click Open.

To the right (or sometimes at the bottom) of the screen, you can select the PDF tab to view any attached PDF documents.

EndNote will also display an icon of the PDF document within the full reference. Check the document opens by double-clicking the icon.

You aren’t restricted to attaching PDF files – you can also attach Word files,

Important: By default, EndNote will make a copy of the file and place it in a folder associated with your EndNote library. If you just want to link to the original, make sure you un-tick the box marked “Copy this file to the default file attachment folder and create a relative link”.

Please note that:

• Un-ticking the box means that EndNote will need to be able to locate the PDF on your PC / laptop when you want to access it, e.g. if you have saved the PDF in your M:drive / My documents folder, you will need to be using an ISS computer or Desktop Anywhere to access it
• Leaving the box ticked means a copy of the PDF will be added into your EndNote library (every EndNote library creates an attached data folder and the PDF is copied into this folder). This uses up computer memory

5. Importing full text PDFs into your EndNote library

You can import a PDF file or a folder of PDFs directly to your library. EndNote automatically creates the reference for you when you import the PDF(s).

1. In your Endnote library, go to File then scroll down to Import, selecting File
2. Select Choose, then find the PDF file you want to import
3. From the Import Option drop-down menu select PDF, then select Import
4. To import a batch of PDFs, go to File then Import, and select Folder instead   of File
5. If you have sub-folders containing PDF files, ensure you select include files in subfolders before clicking Import.
6. EndNote will extract the basic bibliographic data from most PDFs, in order to automatically create a reference for you when you import the file
7. If you import a PDF and the details of the reference are not imported, you will need  to manually edit the reference yourself.

6. Working with PDFs in EndNote

1. Select the Open PDF icon to view the document in full screen 
2. From here you can search the whole document, highlight and underline text, and annotate with sticky notes
3. You can save all your annotations

Part 2: Inserting in-text citations and creating a bibliography with EndNote

EndNote has a feature called Cite While You Write, which starts creating your bibliography as soon as you insert your first citation into a Word document. Word 2010 has an EndNote tab that allows you to work between your Word document and the references in your EndNote library.

1. Choosing the appropriate referencing style

Before you insert any citations into your document, choose the referencing style that you want to use. If you later decide you need to reference in a different style, just follow these same instructions to reformat your in­text citations and bibliography in another style.

1. In Word, click the EndNote X7 tab at the top of the screen to see the EndNote options
2. In the Bibliography section at the top of your screen, click the drop­down menu next to Style: 
3. Click on Select Another Style to see all available styles
4. Sort the styles alphabetically by clicking on Name, then scroll down to the style you want, e.g. LeedsUniHarvard
5. Confirm OK and now all citations and references will be formatted in that style.
6. To choose another style, repeat instructions 1-5 and the citations and bibliography will be reformatted. This may take a few seconds.

There are two output styles to match the Library referencing guidance for Harvard and Numeric (you will find them under LeedsUniHarvard and LeedsUniNumeric).

2. Inserting in-text citations

1. Open a new document in Word and enter some text. Leave the cursor flashing where you would like the citation to appear
2. Click the EndNote X7 tab at the top of the screen to see the EndNote options in Word
3. Click Go to EndNote to switch to the EndNote library you have open. Highlight a reference of your choice
4. Click on Insert Citation from the options at the top of your screen (the red downward arrow). 

3. Creating a bibliography

If new citations added to your text are not automatically appearing in your bibliography, click on the Instant formatting drop-down menu and select Turn instant formatting on.

If you want to change the way your references are set out, e.g. adding spaces between each reference, removing the indent from the second line of each reference, select the

Configure bibliography button  underneath the instant formatting options, then select the Layout tab from the pop-up box that appears.

If the references in your bibliography do not look correct, it may be that the information is wrong in your EndNote library. To fix this:

1. Go into your EndNote library and double click on the relevant reference
2. Manually edit the reference in your EndNote library
3. Go back to your Word document, select the EndNote X7 tab and, from the Bibliography box, select Update Citations and Bibliography

4. Editing citations

In some instances, you may need to include page numbers in your citation (for example if you have used a direct quote), or you might want to exclude the author (for example if the author’s name appears naturally in the text – “Smith (2005, p.21) asserts…”)

Adding page numbers to your citation:

1. Highlight the citation
2.  In the EndNote X7 tab in Word, choose Edit and Manage Citation(s) from the Citations box
3. In the Suffix section, enter the page number, e.g. p.23. (You may need to precede p. with a space and a comma so there is a gap and comma between the year and page numbers)
4. Click OK.

In earlier versions of Word, you can use the Edit citation button on the EndNote toolbar to achieve the same result.

Excluding the author from your citation:

1. Highlight the citation

 In the EndNote X7 tab in Word, choose Edit and Manage citation(s) from the  Citations box

2. Next to the word Formatting, open the drop-down menu and select Exclude author (you can also choose to exclude the year or have the citation appear as a reference in your bibliography only)
3. Click OK.

Part 3: Managing your EndNote library

 1. Using groups

EndNote X7 allows you to add references to groups. If you are using one library to work on several projects, or on several modules, this can be a very useful tool. References can belong to more than one group.

1. In the EndNote X7 toolbar, click on Groups, then Create Group
2. Under My Groups in the left-hand column, you will see an entry called New Group. You can rename any group by right clicking on the group name and selecting Rename group from the menu.
3. To add references to your new group, select the references you wish to add by highlighting them (hold down the Ctrl key as you click to select multiple references). Right click on the reference(s), scroll down to Add references to and select the appropriate group from the list. If you wish to add all references visible in the window, go to Edit in the toolbar, then Select All. Click on Groups in the toolbar, then Add references to. Click on the name of the group to which you wish to add the selected references.
4. You can also drag and drop references into groups by highlighting them and dragging them with the cursor across the screen into a group.
5. To remove references from a group, open the group by clicking on it. Highlight the references you wish to remove and, from the Groups option on the toolbar, click on Remove References from Group. The references you remove from the group will remain in the All References part of your EndNote library.

 2. Checking for duplicates

If you import from more than one set of results, you may end up with some duplicate references in your library. EndNote can help to remove them.

1. To identify duplicate items, click on References from the toolbar, then Find Duplicates. The Find Duplicates box opens
2. At the top of the box there is a message telling you how many duplicates have been found. The box displays the duplicate items side by side, inviting you to select which one to keep. To select the item to keep, click Keep This Record.

EndNote identifies duplicate references in a library as references of the same type with matching Author, Year and Title fields. It is possible that one of the duplicates will contain more detail than another, so you may have a preference as to which reference to keep.

You should also always manually check for duplicates: If there is even a slight difference in the Author, Year or Title fields, EndNote may not recognise that a reference appears twice in your EndNote library.

3. To manually check for duplicates:

1. In your EndNote library, sort the references by clicking on the Author or Title column headings
2. This should help you to spot any remaining duplicates
3. To delete a reference, right click on it and select Move References to Trash.

4. Syncing with EndNote Online

To ensure that your desktop library syncs with the correct EndNote Online account, you will need to connect the two by setting your preferences in the desktop version:

• Go to Edit, then Preferences
• Choose Sync from the left-hand menu, and fill in the EndNote Account Credentials
• At the bottom of the EndNote Preferences Sync window, you will also find an option to tell EndNote to sync the libraries automatically, i.e. each time a reference is added to the desktop version.
• You can choose to sync the libraries at any time by going to the Tools menu in the EndNote X7 desktop version, then selecting Sync

Further help

• For further help, please see our EndNote support pages: http://library.leeds.ac.uk/skills-endnote. Here you will find comprehensive guidance on all aspects of using EndNote.

Appendices

Exporting from Google Scholar

Note that you can only export references one at a time, so this option is not suitable for supporting comprehensive literature searching.

You will need to update your preferences inside Google Scholar before you can send any references to EndNote. Follow these steps to configure Google Scholar to send references to EndNote.

1. Go to the Google Scholar homepage at http://scholar.google.com
2. Click on the “Settings” link
3. Under “Bibliography Manager”, select the option “Show links to import citations into” and choose “EndNote” from the menu
4. Click on the “Save” button

Follow these steps to import search results into EndNote.

1. After performing a search on Google Scholar, click on the “Import into EndNote” link under the reference you want to import.
2. If you are presented with a window asking if you want to “Open” or “Save” the file, choose to open the file
3. A security box will appear. Click ‘Allow’ to allow the reference to be imported.

Click to download PDF version.